SEND

Also called Special educational needs and disabilities. That is the name used in diagnostic manuals and on most official paperwork.

SEND is England's word for children who need extra help to learn. The rest of the UK uses other words, and other rules.

Applies in England

In England, SEND covers any child who needs extra help to learn, from SEN support SEN support The everyday help a school in England puts in place for a child with special educational needs. It is based on what your child needs, not on having a diagnosis. Read the full definition of SEN support in class up to an EHC plan EHCP A legal document, used in England, that sets out a child's needs and the support they must get. It is for children who need more help than their school can give on its own. Read the full definition of EHCP . Most UK websites and search results use this word, which is a trap if you live elsewhere: the law behind it, including EHC plans and the Local Offer, applies in England only.

If you are in Wales, search for additional learning needs Additional learning needs The term used in Wales when a child needs extra support to learn. It replaced the term special educational needs for children and young people in Wales. Read the full definition of Additional learning needs (ALN). In Scotland, search for additional support needs Additional support needs The term used in Scotland when a child needs extra support to get the most from school. A disability counts, but so do things like bereavement or being a young carer. Read the full definition of Additional support needs (ASN). In Northern Ireland, the term is still special educational needs (SEN), with its own system. Using your own nation's term will get you the right guidance far faster than reading English advice that does not apply to you.

Across the UK

  • Additional learning needs (ALN) : Wales replaced SEN with additional learning needs in 2021. Support is planned through an Individual Development Plan (IDP), not an EHC plan.
  • Additional support needs (ASN) : Scotland uses additional support needs. Some children have a Co-ordinated Support Plan (CSP); there are no EHC plans in Scotland.
  • Special educational needs (SEN) : Northern Ireland still uses SEN, and a statement of special educational needs rather than an EHC plan.

Where this comes from

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